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Yet another study sought to establish normative developmental data of sleep patterns in Israeli children in the second, fourth, and sixth grades using actigraphy, sleep diaries, and questionnaires based on parent and child reports. 24 Sleep duration was significantly shorter for early risers who complained significantly more than the late risers of daytime sleepiness and poor concentration at school. One such study investigated the effects of the school starting time on sleep duration and fatigue among 572 fifth-grade students it was based on a self-report questionnaire. 6, 20, 21įew standardized measures of normative sleep-wake patterns, and cognitive performances in healthy children or adolescents have been reported. 7 Research indicated that sleep deprivation among children and adolescents leads to lower cognitive performance this was manifested in their lack of attention, concentration, memory and learning, as well as lower motivation, more absences from school, moodiness, and depression. The control group scored better in creativity and cognition. Another study compared performances of younger adolescents (10-14 years old) after 5 hours in bed in contrast to a control group with 11 hours in bed. 20 They found that students who slept less and had later sleep onset hours produced low academic and behavioral performance in addition, they suffered from depressed moods and sleepiness during the day. Two researchers studied the relationship between sleep-wake patterns and daily academic and behavioral performance among some 13- to 19-year-old students. Such a change could increase sleep duration by approximately one hour, improve sustained attention, reduce the number of mistakes (of both: attention and impulsivity), and increase the rate of performance.
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Study Impact: The present study strongly suggests that administrators of middle schools should consider a change in the time when school starts. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sleep duration upon attention level with two different instruments.
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The present study aims to fill a gap in the research by exploring the lack of sleep in adolescents and its effect on their attention at school.Ĭurrent Knowledge/Study Rationale: The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of delaying school starting time by one hour on sleep duration and attention performance among 14-year-olds. 18 To date, numerous studies have examined sleep duration and academic and cognitive performances and the relationship with school starting time among adolescents. 12 – 16 More specifically, several studies have indicated that the duration and the efficiency of sleep affect the cognitive performance of attention, memory, learning, and concentration 17 – 19 while partial sleep deprivation affects cognitive function and academic success in school. Previous research has shown a relationship between behavior and cognitive performance among adolescents. This tendency is often accompanied by curtailed sleep during weekdays and by distinct differences between weekday and weekend sleep timing and duration. The developmental change during adolescence is a shift to a later sleep phase, indicated by a preference for later bedtimes and later waking-up times. Many adolescents suffer from a lack of sleep, resulting from the combination of biological and environmental factors including changes in school starting times, homework load, social and extracurricular activities, employment, parental influence, and constant use of electronic media. 5 However, one major question, so far not investigated, is: What is the effect of sleep deprivation on attention, especially during adolescence. 1 Some researchers have emphasized physical and psychological restoration and recovery, 2 memory consolidation, 3 the discharge of emotions and brain functioning, 4 while others have emphasized biological functions, including the immune system.
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While there are various theories about the functions of sleep, researchers agree that sleep serves multiple purposes.
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